FIPS 140-3 – Cryptographic Module Security

FIPS 140-3 is the current cryptographic validation standard issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for government-grade cryptographic modules.

Standard Evolution

FIPS 140-3 replaces FIPS 140-2 and aligns fully with international ISO/IEC 19790 requirements.

Why the Transition Matters

  • FIPS 140-2 validations move to historical status in September 2026.
  • New procurements increasingly require FIPS 140-3 compliance.
  • All new cryptographic products must now follow the 140-3 framework.

Key Technical Enhancements

  • Runtime self-tests and continuous integrity checks.
  • Formal entropy validation for random number generators.
  • Clear requirements for hybrid hardware/software cryptographic modules.
  • Stronger resistance against modern cryptographic attacks.

Strategic Impact

FIPS 140-3 is critical for products used in government, defence, critical infrastructure, and regulated financial environments.